Bài giảng Khoáng vật hình thành đất - Phần 2: Phần rắn - Khoáng

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1. Si-oxide • thạch anh (SiO2): màu sắc đa dạng: tím, hồng, vàng,
2. Fe-oxide/hydroxide • Goethite (FeO(OH)) Yellowish to reddish to dark brown
3. Fe-oxide/hydroxide • Hematite (Fe2O3)
4. Fe-oxide/hydroxide • Limonite FeO(OH)·nH2O
5. Al-oxide/hydroxide • Gibbsite Al(OH)3
6. Al-oxide/hydroxide • Boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)) White, pale greyish brown; yellowish or reddish when impure; colorless in thin section
7. Al-oxide/hydroxide • Diaspore White, pale gray, colorless, greenish gray, brown, pale yellow, pink, lilac; may exhibit color change
8. Nesosilicate • olivine (lãm thạch) (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 Yellow to yellow-green
9. Nesosilicate • Garnet X3Y2(SiO4)3. The X site is usually occupied by divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+) and the Y site by trivalent cations (Al3+, Fe3+, Cr3+) in an octahedral/tetrahedral framework with [SiO4]4− occupying the tetrahedra virtually all colors
10. Nesosilicate • tourmaline is a crystal boron silicate mineral compounded with elements such as aluminium, iron, magnesium, sodium, lithium, or potassium Most commonly black, but can range from brown, violet, green, pink, or in a dual-colored pink and green
11. Nesosilicate • Zircon Tên hóa học là zirconi silicat, công thức hóa học ZrSiO4. Công thức thực nghiệm chỉ ra một vài sự thay thế của zircon là (Zr1-y, Nguyên tố hiếmy)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x-y. Reddish brown, C yellow, green, o blue, gray, l colorless; in o thin section, r colorless to pale brown
12. Inosilicate • Augite is a single chain inosilicate mineral, (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)2O6. Dark green to black
13. Inosilicate • Hornblende (Ca,Na)2–3(Mg,Fe,Al)5(Al,Si)8O22(OH,F)2 black/dark green Ca2(Mg, Fe, Al)5 (Al, Si)8O22(OH)2
14. Phyllocilicate • Talc H2Mg3(SiO3)4 or Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 Color white, grey, green, blue, or silver
15. Phyllocilicate • Biotite (mica đen) K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2 Dark brown, greenish brown, blackish brown, yellow, white
16. Phyllocilicate • Muscovite (mica trắng) KAl2(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2, or (KF)2(Al2O3)3(SiO2)6(H2O) White, grey, silvery
17. Phyllocilicate • Illite (K,H3O)(Al,Mg,Fe)2(Si,Al)4O10[(OH)2,(H2O)] CEC khoảng 20 – 30 meq/100 g Grey-white to silvery-white, greenish-gray
18. Phyllocilicate • Kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)4 White, sometimes red, blue or brown tints from impurities
19. Phyllocilicate • Montmorillonite (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2·nH2O White, pale pink, blue, yellow, red, green
20. Phyllocilicate • Vermiculite (MgFe,Al)3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2·4H2O CEC = 100-150 meq/100 g Colorless, white, yellow, green, brown
21. Tectosilicate • Albite NaAlSi3O8 White to gray, bluish, greenish, reddish; may be chatoyant
22. Tectosilicate • Anorthite CaAl2Si2O8 White, grayish, reddish
23. Tectosilicate • Orthoclase KAlSi3O8 Colorless, Greenish, Grayish yellow, White, Pink
24. Sulfate • Gypsum CaSO4·2H2O Colorless to white; with impurities may be yellow, tan, blue, pink, brown, reddish brown or gray
25. halide The halide anions are fluoride (F−), chloride (Cl−), bromide (Br−), iodide (I−) and astatide (At−) • Halite (NaCl) • sylvite (KCl) Colorless, Grey, White • Carnallite KMgCl3·6(H2O) (Blue, colorless, yellow, white, red)